讀書果陣寫過好多文章，都係為左交功課同考試，而且果陣能力唔高，好多都寫到好表面，同埋用詞簡淺，早幾日比我係櫃底搵到，我決定打上黎分享下~~
第二篇都係來我讀ASSO果陣應用社會科學入面既<Science, Technology and Society>
題目係: What is "cloning"? What are the ethical and social issues that may arise from human cloning?
Cloning is a method to copy same organisms by genetic engineering. Scientists get somatic cell a mammal to an ovum which does not have nucleus, then,they put the ovum into the mother's body, finally the mother bear the body which is same with the mammal (伍旭升, 高偉, 2002, p.115), There was the first cloning mammal called Dolly in 1997. This development of technology brings some ethical and social issues of human cloning.
First, human cloning would lead to some legal problems. Everyone has different face and DNA normally, even twins, but the cloning human have very similar face and DNA(an Wilmut, 2000, P.392), and they cannot enjoy same legal position with the original one under the law. Moreover, people or the cloning human may impute to other one who has very similar DNA after they committed, and it is difficult for the police investigate the crimes. On the other hand, everyone has their natural human rights in the democratic society, but the cloning human are man made, there are conflicts about the cloning human should get the human rights or not, if the cloning human get the rights, people may think the voting is unfair because they think the cloning human have similar mind with the ordinal one. Therefore human cloning may create many legal problems.
Second, the cloning human may become goods and infringe upon the god. During cloning, scientists can implant or remove some DNA by bioengineering (Ian Wilmut, 2000, P408), therefore human would become other shape. Furthermore, some bad people may make some cloning human who have low intelligence to become their slaves, and people clone themselves for getting appropriate organs to transplant while their organs has been degenerated (伍旭升, 高偉, 2002, P.118). Besides, people think life are blessed all the time because of religion, they think the god is the only one who can give life to human, and human can only observe (Raelian Foundation, 2003, P75), so human cloning would have conflict against religion. Overall, people may think the cloning human are goods because they are not created by the god.
Third, human cloning would affect some ethic of family. As the cloning human clone other people, it is difficult to decide who have the wardship of the cloning human and their families, because their congenital roles are confused (韓王榮, 龔靜, 1998, P.150). In addition, when the technology of human cloning have been popularized, females can inseminate without sexual behavior, it would worsen the relationship between male and female because human sexual behavior can improve the relationship (伍旭升, 高偉, 2002, P.118). At the same time, the function of male may reduce because of this technology, and families will lose the role of father, finally there are only females in the society (韓王榮, 龔靜, 1998, P.157). Therefore, many ethics of family would be affected by human cloning.
Fourth, human cloning may lead to some psychological problems. Every people have their own status but the cloning human, and the cloning human may fear of discrimination, then they may doubt the value of their lives. Sometimes, people want to clone their die children, so they have great wish for the cloning human, the cloning human may have big pressure when people contrast with the died children (Ian Wilmut, 2000, P401). Furthermore, the cloning human may not be happy to accept their future face when they see the older ordinal one (P.401). So the cloning human may have some psychological problems.
In conclusion, the human cloning brings many ethical and social problems, but it also has some advantages, thus no one can judge whether the human cloning is wrong or right. But in my opinion, human cloning is not good. People may be not treasure their relations with other people, because they think they can clone other people when they lost the relation.
Reference:
- lan Wilmut, Keith Campbell and Colin Tudge. 2000. The Second Creation. Brockman, Inc.
- Raelian Foundation. 2003. Yes to human cloning: eternal life thanks to science. Morning Star Publishing Inc.
- 伍旭升, 高偉. 2002. 百年科技利弊. 三聯書局(香港)有限公司.
- 韓王榮, 龔靜. 1998. Clone 傳奇. 業強出版社.
P.S.今次比我發現到原來用GOOGLE翻譯既SCAN功能係可以快速將HARD
COPY既字COPY係SOFT COPY度~~~~HAHA~
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