讀書果陣寫過好多文章，都係為左交功課同考試，而且果陣能力唔高，好多都寫到好表面，同埋用詞簡淺，早幾日比我係櫃底搵到，我決定打上黎分享下~~
第五篇繼續係來我讀ASSO果陣應用社會科學入面既<Science, Technology and Society>
題目係:Does watching violence on television cause aggression in young children? Review the different studies conducted and give your conclusion.
Since televisions were invented, people enjoy TV programs to kill time. There are many types of TV programs, some of them involve violence in the contents. Some people worry that violence programs would lead more young children to be more violent, so they analyze the probability of the hypothesis and emerged three different opinions.
First, some people think those violence programs would lead more youth to be more violence. Some scholars proved the hypothesis with social learning theory, which means human behaviors are affected by what they learned. Even if superman fight bad people, when the aggressions are glorified on programs, it increases the probability of people imitate that behaviors after they learned the behaviors from TV (Lam Dong Tai, 1999, P.239). On the other hand, people use another theory called cultivation theory which stated by George Gerbner to studies the relationship between TV society and social reality; this theory also thinks that people would be affected by TV programs. According to this theory, the content of TV programs would change how people feel to the world, like positive or negative. Each behavior is endued with different meanings on TV programs, when people accept the meanings of behaviors. their decisions or views of social reality would similar with the TV programs (Cai Shu Yu, para. 1.1.2) if children accept that violence behaviors equal to strong, it may cause aggression in children because they want to be strong Thus, violence TV programs may make young children more dangerous.
Second, some people think aggression in young children would not caused by violence programs with three thrones. First theory is arousal theory, it argues people would be more violence after watch TV is not because of the violence content of TV programs. The violence content of programs is only stimulus for people who have bad mood, people would get implications on programs that aggressions are rationalized and people would be more violence, or they would feel guilty if the programs sho aggression would hurt other people (Lam Dong Tai, 1999, P 240) Second theory is reinforcement theory, it argues people have their own view of aggressions before the watch TV, so violence programs only reinforce their view, which means people would enjoy aggressions further only if they like aggression, people would hate aggressions further while they do not like violence behaviors (P 242). Third theory is reverse causality; it states that people reverse the cause and the effect. This theory argues the cause should be people like aggression and the effect should be always watching violence TV programs, it is totally different with other theories (p. 243) Therefore violence TV programs may not affect young children.
Third, some people think violence TV programs can reduce aggression in young children. There is a theory called catharsis theory, it agrees that TV programs would affect people's behaviors, moreover, it argues those programs may have opposite effects. Which means this theory thinks watching violence on TV would decrease the probability of aggression, the reason is people would vent their bad feelings during watching violence programs (Lam Dong Tai, 1999, P 241). There are ethics which teach people aggression is bad and it would break the laws, therefore, their bad feelings are restrained by those reasons, when people watch TV they may displace participate in the actor of programs They would imagine they are the attackers and the sufferers are imagined in people who they hate, when the attackers fight to the sufferers, people may feel good because it looks like they have retaliated. Overall, young children may be more amicable after they watched violent TV programs.
In conclusion, some people have three different opinions which about the relationship between violence TV programs and young children. I think violence programs would not cause aggression in young children, because there is possible that children feel nauseate after they watched violence on TV, if you do not like this behavior, you would feel antipathy even if you contact it many times.
Reference:
- 林東泰. 1999. 大眾傳播理論. 師大書苑有限公司.
- 蔡淑瑜. 涵化理論與認知研究. 媒體識讀教育月刊. 瀏覽日期：12-04-2009.
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